Janetter change language6/10/2023 The findings demonstrate that the sociolinguistic status of Maroon languages has undergone various changes. The aim of this paper is to examine the sociolinguistic context of the Maroon Creoles in the light of data from two recent sociolinguistic surveys carried out in Suriname and French Guiana. However, to date very little is known about how these social changes are impacting on the Maroon Creoles as there is very little sociolinguistic research being carried out in the region. Recent anthropological and socio-historical research on Maroon populations suggests that Maroon communities have undergone significant social change since the 1960s spurred by processes of urbanization. They result from different contact scenarios and include maintenance, shift, and creation. However, these cases of cross-linguistic influence are very diverse in nature, and involve many parts of language. Hence the term multilingual ecologies in our subtitle. The Guianas, or any part of them, do not form a single language community, but rather a chain of interacting and intersecting communities, which have very diverse and complex relations among themselves. It illustrates the point that in the complex multilingual and multiethnic area of the Guianas, the languages spoken have been part of an effort of groups to keep themselves apart, as boundaries, but have also undergone numerous changes in the presence of other languages, and thus form bridges. We have named our volume Boundaries and bridges because it reflects at the same time the maintenance of ethnic and linguistic boundaries, through the languages involved, but also the numerous instances of cross-linguistic influence across these boundaries. The national identity of the countries in the Guianas involves both a sense of common destiny and of multiple ethnic affiliations. This book deals with multilingualism, language contact, language change and convergence in the Guianas of South America, with a focus on Suriname. These case studies allow for a number of generalizations to be made about the mechanisms and processes of language contact in Suriname which can hopefully be useful in our further understanding of other complex contact settings and language contact in general. The last case study addresses questions of language death and linguistic variation among a small group of Maroons, the Coppename Kwinti. The following chapter argues that the syntactic structures associated with Dutch particle verbs has been transferred to Surinamese creole languages. A similar language sample is employed in an investigation of contact induced developments among the languages â tense, mood, and aspect systems. The first explores convergence in the semantics of kinship terms in a sample of Surinamese languages. The three subsequent chapters contain case studies of contact - induced language change among Surinameâs languages. Following a chapter summarizing socio - historical developments of Suriname from its beginnings as a plantation colony to a modern multiethnic, multilingual country, the reader will find a case study detailing the various formative processes of language mixture, intertwining, and obfuscation that led to the creation of Kumanti, a ritual language spoken among the Ndyuka. This dissertation contains a bundle of articles that report on the various ways that languages effect each other and the factors that condition the linguistic results in the Surinamese context. Often these developments are motivated by interaction with other languages, known as language contact. And just like other living things, languages come into being, develop over time, and eventually die.
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